The most obvious difference between the two instruments is their size. The alto sax is smaller and lighter than the tenor sax. As a result, the alto sax produces a higher, brighter sound, while the tenor saxophone has a deeper, more mellow tone:
Alto sax range: Alto saxophones are in the key of Eb. The range of the alto sax in concert pitch is Db3 to Ab5
Tenor sax range: Tenor saxophones are in the key of Bb. The range of the tenor sax in concert pitch is Ab2 to E5
Due to its smaller size, the alto saxophone is the perfect choice for young beginner musicians. It’s well suited for smaller hands, requiring less of a stretch for the fingers, and it’s also usually much more lightweight than its tenor counterpart, requiring less airflow.
The alto saxophone is the solo instrument of choice for classical music, while the tenor saxophone is arguably the most popular solo instrument for jazz musicians.